In this blog post, you will get to understand the nature of hydrogen, emergence of green hydrogen as a renewable fuel source and its significance in energy transition.
Hydrogen is an element one can find anywhere in the universe, but it rarely exists as a separate component on Earth, which means it must be separated from other elements for practical purposes. Though it constitutes about 75% of any matter that has mass and volume on the planet, its usage as a raw material source can be used only after manufacturing it since it is not available in its pure form. Now, the manufacturing process used to extract the hydrogen requires one to consider whether it is sustainable, clean, or green.
Green hydrogen is one such method where hydrogen is manufactured without generating any harmful gases or emissions that affect our atmosphere. The recent consequences of climate change are exacerbating, and other geopolitical factors cannot be ignored.
To decarbonize, countries around the world have set a time limit of 2050. And green hydrogen has emerged as a promising , efficient, and clean fuel source to combat global warming and climate change. Below, let’s understand how green hydrogen can act as a fuel source, why it is important, and its role in decarbonizing and fulfilling net-zero commitments.
The Nature of Hydrogen
On Earth, hydrogen exists in molecular forms such as water and organic compounds. Hydrogen holds the first place in the periodic table with symbol H and atomic number 1. This simple chemical element is light-weighted, colorless, odorless, tasteless, and non-toxic but highly combustible in nature.
While these qualities make hydrogen an ideal fuel, it’s crucial to note that it isn’t a primary energy source; it serves as an energy carrier. Hence, Hydrogen remains renewable only when the extraction process is also sustainable.
Today, various methods are employed to extract hydrogen such as electrolysis, natural gas reforming or gasification, molecular transformation, etc. Also, several processes like thermochemical, photobiological water, and photoelectrochemical water splitting are in the developmental stage.
Hydrogen as a Fuel
Green hydrogen is sourced from renewable energies, ensuring a clean and sustainable fuel production. With zero pollution, it serves not only as an energy vector but also as a valuable raw material. Its significance in combating climate change lies in replacing fossil fuels in challenging-to-decarbonize sectors. Green hydrogen’s potential extends to being an efficient energy storage system. A sustainable and versatile solution, it contributes significantly to a emission-free future.
Real-World Applications of Green Hydrogen
Green hydrogen is now being used in transportation as a sustainable mobility alternative thanks to technology such as the fuel cell. Cars that run on this sustainable energy feature a hydrogen tank that links to the fuel cell, which generates electricity to power the engine. Green hydrogen will also be vital to mining vehicles, railroads, aircraft, trucks, buses, and even maritime transportation.
In addition to its function as an energy storage, hydrogen is currently primarily used in two industries. One application is in the chemical industry for the production of ammonia and fertilizers. While its second primary application is in the petrochemical industry to generate petroleum products. Plus, it is being utilized in the steel industry, which is facing significant pressure in Europe due to its polluting effects. Owing to this gas, there is a likelihood of altering many of the industry’s processes to be less hazardous to the environment.
In terms of domestic use, numerous viable initiatives are currently being implemented to substitute the natural gas system with a renewable hydrogen network that supplies energy and heat to households without emitting pollutants.
“Green hydrogen is sourced from renewable energies, ensuring a clean and sustainable fuel production. ”
Significance of Green Hydrogen in Energy Transition
Hydrogen is gaining attention as a vital fuel for the ongoing energy transition. Currently utilized widely in industry for oil refining and synthetic nitrogen fertilizer production, hydrogen has limited use in the energy sector as it is expensive compared to fossil fuels.
Still, there is a growing emphasis on hydrogen as a key player in combating climate change. As society strives to swiftly move away from all fossil fuels, clean and renewable green hydrogen, produced through electrolysis powered by wind, water, or solar electricity, emerges as a cleaner and more straightforward option. Advantageously, this process eliminates the need for natural gas extraction, pipelines, carbon capture equipment, and associated emissions or leaks of pollutants like methane and carbon dioxide and holds an immense potential.
There is a growing consensus that green hydrogen has the potential to revolutionize various sectors currently reliant on fossil fuels and facing challenges in decarbonization. Promoting its adoption is crucial to meeting the climate goals outlined in the Paris Agreement and addressing the urgent need for zero-emission targets.
Benefits and Limitations of Green Hydrogen as Fuel
Green hydrogen is crucial for the upcoming or ongoing energy transition. It plays a vital role in achieving carbon neutrality and combating climate change. Green hydrogen excels in sectors difficult to electrify, offering a solution for emissions elimination.
Key benefits include being clean, generating only water as waste. It is a renewable energy source, utilizing inexhaustible natural resources. Green hydrogen is storable, allowing compression and storage for an extended period. Its lightweight nature makes it transportable and easier to handle than lithium batteries. These characteristics position green hydrogen as a versatile and sustainable energy option for the future.
Despite its numerous benefits, green hydrogen is not without its challenges. One significant drawback is its high cost, primarily attributed to the elevated expenses associated with generating energy from renewable sources, a key element in the electrolysis process. This cost factor makes green hydrogen more expensive to produce compared to conventional methods.
Additionally, green hydrogen production is energy-intensive, demanding more energy resources than other conventional fuels. This increased energy consumption poses a challenge to the overall sustainability of green hydrogen.
Furthermore, safety concerns arise due to hydrogen’s highly volatile and flammable nature, necessitating stringent safety measures to prevent potential leaks and explosions. These drawbacks highlight the need for ongoing research and technological advancements to address these challenges and make green hydrogen a more viable and widespread solution in the future.
